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Considered part of the History of human migration from Africa,〔https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/human-journey/〕 it is estimated that first humans arrived in Australia approximately 50,000 years ago〔https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/migration-to-australia/〕 when ancestors of the first wave of migrants from Africa arrived on the continent via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and New Guinea. The first European migrants arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries, and colonisation by the British commenced in 1788. Immigration, the process of arriving in another country in order to stay,〔http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/immigration〕 occurred once the colonies united and Australia was declared a Commonwealth in 1901. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have come to Australia as new settlers. The trigger for a large-scale immigration program was the end of World War II. Agreements were reached with Britain, some European countries and with the International Refugee Organization to encourage immigration, including people displaced by the war in Europe. The highest number of settlers to arrive in any one year since World War II was 185,099 in 1969–70. The lowest number in any one year was 52,752 in 1975–76. Approximately 1.6 million migrants arrived between October 1945 and 30 June 1960, about 1.3 million in the 1960s, about 960,000 in the 1970s, about 1.1 million in the 1980s, over 900,000 in the 1990s, about 1.8 million in the 2000s, and nearly 1 million since the year 2010.〔()〕 Australia’s migrant population has historically been largely from a European background, with the largest source now being Asian migrants.〔(The Conversation, The changing face of Australian immigration )〕 Net overseas migration increased from 30,042 in 1992–93〔Australian Bureau of Statistics, (International migration )〕 to 212,700 persons in 2013–14.〔(Australian Bureau of noms )〕 The largest components of immigration are the skilled migration and family re-union programs. In recent years the mandatory detention of unauthorised arrivals by boat has generated great levels of controversy. However, a 2014 sociological study concluded that: "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to immigration among western nations".〔Markus, Andrew. "(Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia. )" Journal of Sociology 50.1 (2014): 10-22.〕 The 2011 Census reported that over one in four of Australia's 22 million people were born overseas. For the decade up to 2013, most migrants were born in New Zealand (14.3 per cent), India (13.1 per cent), the United Kingdom (12.7 per cent), China (11.4 per cent) and the Philippines (4.4 per cent).〔()〕 According to the Graduate Careers Survey,〔http://www.graduatecareers.com.au/research/surveys/australiangraduatesurvey/〕 full-time employment for newly qualified professionals from various occupations has declined since 2011.〔Immigration to Australia#2014〕 The professional associations of some of these occupations have expressed their criticism of the immigration policy.〔http://www.ada.org.au/App_CmsLib/Media/Lib/1411/M829809_v1_635525128596298953.pdf〕 == Immigration history of Australia == (詳細はimmigration to colonies and later a nation, the very first instance of migration of humans to the continent was around 50,000 years ago via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea as part of the early history of human migration out of Africa.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immigration to Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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